Dr Lizmy MD(Hom)
Lecturer. Govt. HomoeopathicMedicalCollege.Calicut
MIND
- Child cries & whines if any one touches it, will not let you feel the pulse – Ant tart, Ant crud, Sanicula
- Women esp. widows, children & girls who generally careful becomes awkward & let things fall while handling them – Apis, Bov, Natrum mur
- Excessively nervous, easily frightened by the slightest noise or an unusual sharp sound, a cough, sneeze, a cry, lighting a match, etc. – Bor, Asar, Calad, Tarent, Nux, Therid
- Constantly dwelling on suicide – Naja, Aur met; but afraid to die – Nux vom
- Children fear of falling, grasp the crib or seize the nurse – Borax, Sanic, Gels
- Chronic blue condition, everything seems so dark that it can grow no darker – Lil tig, Lyc, Puls
- Assumes strange attitude & positions in bed. –Plummet
- Afraid of sharp pointed things – Spigelia
- Faint & weak esp. when going downstairs , can go up well enough – Stannum, Borax, (opp – Calc)
- Naturally of a sweet disposition, now on the borderland of insanity – Tuber
- Hereditary tendency to alcoholism – Syphil, Asarum, Psor, Sul, Tub, Sul ac
- Cannot sleep lying on the back – Acetic acid, Amm c (sleeps better on back – Ars)
- unrefreshing sleep more tired on rising than when resting – Mag.c, Bry, Con, Hep, Opium, Sulph
- Cannot get asleep unless legs are crossed – Rhododendron
- Cannot read what he writes – Lyco (BOERICKE)
- Feels that death is near & must hurry to settle affair – Petroleum
- Always washing the hands – Syphilinum (BOERICKE)
- Ailments : from suppressed grief and terrors of conscience; from duty not done or bad act committed – Cyclamen
Head
- Great falling of hair, after chronic headache or at climatric – Sepia
- Headache as if a tornado in head; as if head had been blown to pieces – Carb an
- Headache, as if a rubber band were stretched tightly over the forehead, – Carbolic acid, Gels. Plat., Sulph
- Eating a little too much causes headache – Nux mosch
- Headache in occiput, which is as heavy as lead – Petroleum
- Headache of students, teachers and overworked business men – Picric acid
- Headache always hungry during; > while eating – Anac. psor Kali p
- Headache from too much thinking, too close application or attention – Sabad, Arg.n
- Coldness of the vertex with headache – Sepia, Vert alb
- Heat of vertex, Calc., Graph. Sulph.
- Headache at sunrise, at its height atnoon, declines till sunset – Spigelia, Nat. m., Tab. Glon, Kalmia
- Sweat on the face on a mall spot only while eating – Ign
- At puberty : acne in anaemic girls with vertex headache – Calc phos
Eyes
- Eyes burning, biting, smarting as from smoke, must rub them – Allium cepa
- Eye strain from sewing – Ruta, Natr mur, Arg nit
- Sunshine, light & wind are intolerable, cold air or water very pleasant to the eyes. – Asarum
- Hemiopia; sees only the lower half – Aurum met
- Hemiopia; Sees only the left half, Lith. c, Lyc.
- When reading, the letters seem to turn, go up or down or disappear – Cicuta, Coc
- Eyes – sensation, as if room were filled with smoke – Crocus
- Intolerable pain in eyeballs; could not turn the eyes without turning the whole body. – Spigelia – seems as if eyes were too large for the orbits – Actea, Comocladia
Ear
- Hearing confused; cannot tell from what direction a sound comes – Carbo an
- Eustachian tube closed; catarrhal deafness and otorrhoea in psoric children – Merc duls
Resp
- Epistaxis: when coughing; at night during sleep; hangs in a dark clotted string from the nose, like an icicle – Merc sol
- All irritating things – salt, wine, vinegar, pepper – immediately produce cough – Alumina
- Cough, during pregnancy – Apoc, Con, Kali brom, Caust, Nux mos
- Laughing excites cough – Arg met, Dros. Phos, Stan
- Dyspnoea or asthma, where the patient can only breathe by standing up – Cann sativa
- With every explosive cough there escapes a volume of pungent, foetid air – Caps
- Lumps of mucus fly from mouth when coughing – Bad., Chel, Kali carb
- Want of breath in those engaged in athletic sports – Coca
- Cough has a gurgling sound, as if water was being poured from a bottle – Cuprum met
- Cough only in the day time – Euphr
- Cough only in the night – Petroleum
- Great weakness and loss of breath on going upstairs – Calc.; during the menses – Iodum, Alum, Carbo an, Coc
- Dyspnoea > by lying down – Kali bi
- Dyspnoea worse when lying down – Aral., Lach, Ars, Grindelia
- Cough deep hollow, like coughing in a barrel – Medr
- The least thing coming near mouth or nose interferes with breathing; – Lach
- Dyspnoea and sense of constriction; can inhale with ease, but no power to exhale – Medor, Samb
- Cough going from warm to cold air – Phos (opp: Bry.)
- Cough returns every winter – Psorinum
- Expectoration profuse, like the white of an egg – Stannum met
- Expectoration salty – Kali i., Phos, Stannum, Ambra, Sep.
Mouth
- Stammering, slow difficult speech – Bovista, Stram, Kali brom
- Excessive flow of saliva, it runs out of mouth when sleeping – syphilinum
- Saliva and all food has a salty taste – Cyclamen
- Saliva – tough, ropy, viscid, frothy in mouth and throat, with constant spitting – Lyssin, Hydr
- Continual rising of white froth into the mouth – Mag mur
- Hay fever squirming sensation in the nostril, as of a small worm; brought on by exposure to hot sun or intense summer heat – Natrum mur
Throat
- Sensation of lump in throat; descends on swallowing, but returns immediately – Rumex
Back
- Spine aches from base of brain to coccyx, very sensitive to touch or pressure – Lac can, chin. s., Phos., Zinc
- Sacrum extreme sensitiveness; cannot bear the slightest touch, even of a soft pillow – lobelia
- Violent stitches in upper left chest, below the scapula, extending to neck – Theridion, Anis. Myr., Pix, Sulph
- Great sensitiveness between vertebrae, sits sideways in a chair to avoid pressure against spine – Chin. S, Theridion
Extr
- Sore and raw spots on feet, especially heel, from friction – Allium cepa
- Hamstrings feel painfully short when walking; tension in joints as from shortening of the muscles – Amm mur, Caust. , Cimex
- Gout and rheumatism, with great fear of being touched or struck by persons coming near him – Arn
- Ulcers : irritable, inflamed, sloughing, varicose; painful as if beaten (Arn.); excessive secretion of pus – Calendula
- Unsteady walking and easy falling of little children – Causticum
- The fingers “go to sleep” frequently and easily – Digitalis
- Affects left shoulder- and right hip-joint – Led pal, Agar.Ant.t., Stram
- Painful contractions of the hamstrings – Natrum mur, Am. m., Caust. Guaiac
- Acute inflammatory swelling of joints, wandering from one joint to another; severe at night; < in rest and during rough stormy weather – Rhododendron, Kalm
- Lameness after sprains, especially of wrists and ankles – Ruta (chronic sprains, Bov. Stron.)
- Burning of soles of feet; must uncover or put them in a cool place – Sanicula, Lach. Med., Sang., Sulph
- When singing or using the voice, aching and weakness in deltoid and arms – Stannum met
Heart
- Heart troubles from reflex symptoms of uterus or ovaries – Actea
- Angina pectoris intense throbbing of heart and carotids – Amy nit,Bell, Glon.
- Palpitation, worse from least exertion – Iodum, Dig
- Palpitation, From least mental exertion – Cal. Ars, Lith carb
- Palpitations violent when lying on left side – Lac can, Tab – go off when turning to right.
- Sensation as if heart is suspended by a thread – Kali carb, Lach.
- Sensation of coldness about the heart – Petro, Carbo an., Kali m., Nat. m
- Irritating, dry, sympathetic cough of organic heart disease – Naja, Spon
- Pulse suddenly increases and gradually decreases below normal – Vertram viride
GIT
- Belching; eructations; foul, putrid, like rotten eggs – Arn, Ant t, Graph, Psor – (Like Onions – Mag carb)
- Stomach; pressure as from a load in one spot – Bismuth
- All-gone sensation in stomach, in tea drinkers – Puls
- Chronic heartburn, sour eructations, sets teeth on edge – Sulph acid, Rob
- Nausea from placing hands in warm water – Phos
- Pressure as from stone at pit of the stomach – Bry
- Eructations, frequent, of very little wind, as if stomachs were full of dry food – Caladium
- Distention, flatulence, excessive tympanitis; meteorism – Terebinth, Colch.
- Colic from cucumbers, salads & over eating – Allium cepa
- Colic : < at once by uncovering an arm or leg; with very sour stool – Rheum
- When passing flatus, sensation as if stool would pass with it – Aloes,Olean. ,Mur. ac. , Nat. m.
- Chronic eructation for years – Alumina
- Vomiting : as soon as he raises head from pillow; from a bright light – Stram
- Gagging until he vomits the breakfast just eaten – Euphrasia, Bry
- Swashing sensation in intestines, as from water, before stool – Crot tig (rumbling before stool, Aloe)
- Stomach: sensation of fasting “all gone,” comes on only when stomach is empty and is >. by eating – Chel. Iod
- Stomach: feels relaxed, as if hanging down – Ipecac, Ign, Staph, Tab
- Better during process of digestion – Anac [rev. of Bry. , Nux].
- Better going without regular meals; – Natrum mur
- Gastric affections; from bread and pastry; acids, esp vinegar; – Anti crud
- Constant discharge of flatus, up and down, for years; belching – Anti crud
- Belching accompanies most gastric ailments – Arg nitr
- At every attempt to eat, colic pains in abdomen – Calc phos
- Vomiting of drunkards, in pregnancy, cancer; of dark, olive-green fluid – Carbolic acid, Pyr
- Child vomits : curdled milk, in large lumps; as soon as it has nursed, after mother has been angry – Valeriana, – Convulsion – Cham, Nux vom
Kidney
- Urine passes unconsciously day and night – Arg nitr, Caust
- Enuresis nocturna of delicate children, strong characteristic odour, excess of uric acid – Benzoic acid
- Child screams before urine passes – Borax, Lyc, Sanic, and Sars
- Urine involuntary when coughing, laughing – Caust, Puls, Squil, Ver, Natr mur, Rumex
- Enuresis diurna et nocturna; where habit is the only ascertainable cause – Equisetum
- Urine of a deep orange red color; copious red sediment – Lobelia
- Constant desire to urinate on seeing running water – Lyssin, Canth, Sulph
- Enuresis – nocturnal; after catheterization – Mag phos
- Severe pain (backache) in renal region, > by profuse urination – Medo, Lyc
- Renal colic with sensation of passing of calculus – Medo, Berb. Lyc., Ocim. c
- Quantity of urine voided is larger than the amount of water drunk; – Merc
- Enuresis : from vesical paresis; during full moon, obstinate cases – Psorinum
- Severe pain at conclusion of urination – Sarsa, Berb. Equis., Med., Thuja, Apis, Natrum mur, Equis.
- Haematuria : blood thoroughly mixed with the urine; sediment, like coffee-grounds; cloudy, albuminous – Terebinth
Rectum
- Constipation : of nursing children, from artificial food; bottlefed babies – Alumina
- Soft stool requires great straining – Alumina, Anac, Plat, Sil, Ver, Nux mosch
- Constipation sensation in abdomen as if something tight would break if much effort were used – Apis mel
- Constipation stool large, hard, great straining, lacerating anus; painful extorting cries – Lac deflor
- Obstinate constipation, causing retention of the urine; constriction of anus – Cann sativa
- Constipation: obstinate; ineffectual desire; stools of hard, round balls, like olives – Asterias rub
- Constipation : with the odor of limburger cheese – Sanicula, Sel
- Sense of weight or ball in anus, not > by stool – Sepia
- Obstinate constipation for years; rectum seems tied up with strictures; when enema was used the agony of passage was like labor – Syphi, Lac c, Tub
- Diarrhoea: watery, brown, gushing out in a violent jet – Asterias rub, Crot. t, Grat. , Gamb, Jatr, Thuja, Phos, Podo
- Liquid stools running right through the diaper – Benzoic acid, Pod.
- Diarrhoea < in morning, on moving, even a hand or foot – Bry
- Diarrhoea : of children with sour smell -Cal., Mag. c.-(child and stool have a sour smell, Rheum); clay-colored stool – Hepar sulph,Cal., Pod
- Diarrhoea : violent cutting pains after stool, lasting for hours – Nitric acid, Rat., Sulph.-during and after, Mer.)
- Diarrhoea : from boiled milk; – Nux mosch
- Diarrhoea when she urinates – Alumina
- Diarrhoea as soon as he drinks – Arg nitr, Ars, Crot. t, Throm.
- Diarrhoea : only, or usually at night; cold food or drinks, ice-cream – Puls
- Diarrhoea : painless; not debilitating; – Phos acid
- Diarrhoea : with sago-like particles; – Phos
- Dysentery; with ischuria, fruitless urging; long interval between the stools – Arn
- Sour smell of the whole body; child smells sour, even after washing or bathing – Rheum Mag. c
- Early morning diarrhoea; from5to10 A.M.– Rumex, Aloe, Nat. s., Pod., Sulph
- Piles swollen, pain most severe when sitting – Thuja
Sexual
- Discharge of blood from genitals during every stool – Lyco
- Sensitiveness of vagina, rendering coition painful – Lyssin
- Coition prevented by extreme sensitiveness of the vagina – Thuja (Plat.-by dryness, Lyc., Lys., Natr.)
Female
- Amenorrhoea after fright – Aconite
- Chorea, hysteria or epilepsy during time of menstrual function – Actea, Caulo
- Severe left-sided infra-mammary pains – Actea, Ust
- Menses; exhausted physically and mentally, scarcely able to speak – Alumina, Carbo an. , Coc
- Amenorrhoea in young girls, with bloating or dropsical extension of abdomen and extremities – Apoc
- Least mental excitement causes profuse return of menstrual flow – Calc carb, Sulph, Tub
- At puberty : acne in anaemic girls with vertex headache and flatulent dyspepsia, >> by eating – Calc phos
- Menses : by putting hands in cold water – Conium mac, Lac d
- Menses : too early; too profuse, black and clotted; membranous (too late, pale, scanty, Puls.); better during flow – Cyclamen (worse, Act., Puls.)
- Menses : painful, regular, now lasting only one hour – Euphrasia, Bar
- Will bring on the menses, when Nat. m., though apparently indicated, fails – Kali carb
- Menses: flow on lying down – Kreos
- Menses flow only when moving about – Lil tig, Cactus, Puls, Caust.
- (on lying down, Kreos., Mag. c.), (Bor, Amm mur – night)
- At every menstrual nisus, throat and tongue become intolerably dry – Nux mosch, Tarentula
- Menses : too early, too profuse; sadness before; pain in malar bones, during – Stannum met
- Menorrhagia, has not been well since her last miscarriage –Sulphur
Skin
- Itch appears each year, as winter approaches – Aloes, Psor
- Warts on palms of hands – Anac, Nat. m, Natrum carb, Ruta, – sore to touch – dorsum – Dulcamara
- Eczema : no itching – Cicuta
- Intense itching of skin, so tender > by gentle rubbing – Crot tig
- Ulcers : red edges and vesicles; decubitus; violent pains – Fluoric acid
- Ulcers, irritable, inflamed, sloughing, varicose painful as if beaten – Calendula, Arnica
- Urticaria, acute or chronic; over whole body, especially after violent exercise Natrum mur, Apis,Cal., Hep., Sanic., Urt
- Shingles, vesicles may have a bluish appearance – Ranunculus bulbosus
- Eczema white bran-like scales; – Tuberculinum
Fever
- Fever paroxysm returns at11amand11pm.– Cactus
- Fever annually returning, paroxysms every spring – Lach, Carb veg, Sulph
- Fever paroxysm at7 A.M. with great loquacity during chill and heat; – Podo
Relation
- Useful after Nux and Sulph have improved, but failed to cure piles – Actea
- Useful after Colch fails in gout – Benzoic acid
- Phos. often cures lasciviousness when Hyos. Fails – Hyos
- When Rhus seems indicated, but fails to cure in chronic urticaria – Bovista
- Fever annually returning; paroxysm every spring – Lach (Carbo v., Sulph.),
- If vertigo and headache be very persistent, or prostration be prolonged after Natrum, Nux will relieve
- Phos. removes the bad effects of Iodine and excessive use of table salt
- Sulphurfollows Psorinum well, in mammary cancer
- Has cured colic afterCol.and Nux had failed – Collinsonia
- AfterBell. fails in scarlatina – Sang
- Blatta orientalis has cured bad cases of general dropsy, after Apis, Apoc and Dig failed. For bad effects of vaccination when Thuja fails and Silicea is not indicated – Anti crud
- As a dynamic remedy for the narcosis of Opium – Sang
- When Psor., Sulph., or the best selected remedy fails to relieve or permanently improve; follows Psor. as a constitutional remedy in hay fever, asthma
- Often removes bad effects of excessive use of alcohol and tobacco
General
- Great prostration: after injuries, after surgical shock; after anaesthetics – Acetic acid
- Lack of vital heat in chronic disease – Sepia
- Lack of vital heat in acute disease – Ledum
- State of collapse, wants to be fanned all the time, skin cold yet throws off covers – Med, Camph, Secale
- When symptoms reappear they change locality or go from one side of the body to the other – Anti crud
- Extraordinary craving for apples – Anti crud, Aloe
- Cold air or cold water very pleasant to the eyes; sunshine, light and wind are intolerable – Asar
- Cancer of mammae acute lancinating pain, drawing pain in breast; – Asterias rub
- Mosquito and insect bites burn and itch intensely – Caladium
- Stammering children – Bovista, Stram
- Complaints of drunkards, after abstaining; craving for alcohol – Calc ars, Sar., Sul. ac.)
- Complaints of fleshy women when approaching the menopause – Calc ars
- Surface cold to the touch, yet cannot bear to be covered; throws off all coverings – Camph, Med., Sec
- Sensation as of drops of water falling on or from single parts; on the head, from the anus, stomach, heart – Cann sativa
- Pains are < by slightest touch, but > by hard pressure –China, Caps., Plumb
- Sweat day and night, as soon as one sleeps, or even when closing the eyes – Conium mac, Cinch
- Should never be given in syphilis; always aggravates the condition – Ferrum met
- Increased ability to exercise without danger – Fluoric acid, Coca
- Cancer; hard, adherent; skin mottled, puckered; pains knifelike – Hydrastis
- Sweat on the face on a mall spot only while eating – Ignatia
- Pains as if bones were all torn to pieces – Ipecec (as if broken, Eup)
- Cannot bear to be touched; starts when touched ever so lightly, esp. on the feet – Kali carb
- Persons suffering from ulceration of the lungs can scarcely get well without this anti-psoric. – Kali carb
- Chronic blue condition, every thing seems so dark that it can grow no darker – Lac can, Lyc, Puls)
- When walking, seems to be walking on air; when lying, does not seem to touch the bed – Lac can, Asar
- Foetus appears to be turning somersaults – Lyco
- Hydrothorax, if occurring from heart or liver diseases; dyspnoea, has to sit, cannot lie down – Merc sulph
- Idiopathic or traumatic tetanus; brought on or < by slightest breath of air from a person passing – Phyostigma, Hyper., Lys., Nux, Strych
- Want of vital heat, always chilly, even when taking active exercise – Silicea, Led., Sep
- Chronic alcoholism; dropsy and other ailments of drunkards; “they reform, ” but are continually relapsing –Sulphur, Psor., Tub
- Sensation as if trembling all over, without real trembling; internal trembling of drunkards – Sulph acid
- Antidotes, for abuse of tobacco, are :
- for excessive nausea and vomiting. – Ipec.,
- for bad effects of tobacco-chewing. – Ars.,
- for the gastric symptoms next morning after smoking. – Nux,
- palpitation, tobacco heart, sexual weakness. – Phos.,
- for annoying hiccough from tobacco chewing. – Ign.,
- for tobacco toothache. – Clem. or Plant.,
- neuralgic affections of right side of face; dyspepsia; chronic nervousness,especially in sedentary occupations. – Sep.,
- for impotence, spasms, cold sweat from excessive smoking. – Lyc.,
- ·occipital headache and vertigo from excessive use, especially smoking. – Gels.,
- potentized to relieve terrible craving when discontinuing use – Tabacum
2. Boericke’s Materia Medica
- Cold shivering as if blood were ice – Abies Can, Aconite
- After operation upon chest, a pressing sensation remains – Abrotanum
- Stomach feels as swimming in water – Abrotanum
- injurious effects of fruits esp. more watery ones – Ars
- Reduces the refractive index of blood serum – Ars,China, Ferr phos
- Gives quiet & ease to the last moments of life when given in high potency – Ars
- Corresponds to the symptoms of air sickness in Aviators. –Bell
- It is a princely remedy for old labourers, esp. gardeners – Bellis
- Rachitic enlargement of femur in infants – Calc flour
- As a heart stimulant for emergency use, the most satisfactory remedy – Camphor
- Dislocation of patella on going upstairs. – Cannabis sativa
- Hearing confused, cannot tell the direction of sound – Carbo anim
- Indicated in persons who have never fully recovered from the effects of some previous ill-ness – Carbo veg
- white mucus in stool like small pieces of popped corn – Cina
- In fever, face is cold & hands warm – Cina
- Post operative gas pains, no > passing it – Cinchona
- Snoring esp. in children. – Cinchona
- Vesicular eruption, itches terribly, worse washing in cold water – Clematis
- Cough from excessive use of voice, minister’s sore throat. – Collinsonia
- the slightest abrasion or ulceration will cause the intense photophobia – Conium
- Diarrhoea after every cup of coffee – Cyclamen
- Throbbing pain at the neck of bladder, as if a straw was being thrust back & forth – Digitalis
- Headache > by conversation – Dulcamara
- During fever want to be held, because he shakes so – Gelsemium
- Goitre of puberty & pregnancy – Hydrastis
- Backache, must use arms in raising himself from seat – Hydrastis
- Wedge like pain from ovary to uterus – Iodum
- Dyspnoea, suffocation compels the patient to spring from bed & rush for open window – Lach
- Acts esp. well at the beginning & close of menstruation – Lach
- Angina pectoris with pain in right arm – Lil tig
- Cannot read what he writes – Lyc
- Ailments from cutting wisdom teeth – Mag carb
- Albuminuria in early pregnancy – Merc cor
- Albuminuria in late & full term – Phos
- Albuminuria in whole pregnancy – Helonias
- Yellow substance like pulp of orange in stool – Natrum carb
- Infallible for stopping a cold commencing with sneezing – Natrum mur
- Vesicles & burning on tongue, as if there is a hair on it. – Natrum mur, Sil
- Feels that death is near & must hurry to settle affairs – Petroleum
- Hearing difficult esp. human voice – Phos
- Bad effects of eating too much of salt – Phos
- Nervous cough provoked by strong odours – Phos
- Constipation of travelers who are constantly changing food & water – Platina
- All the symptoms of acute nephritis with amaurosis & cerebral symptoms – Plummet
- Fear of being assassinated – Plum met
- Great loquacity during fever – Podo
- Very hungry always must have something to eat in the middle of night – Psorinum
- Often indicated after abuse of iron tonics – Puls
- Aversion to sweets & ice-cream – Radium brom
- Complaints from straining flexor tendons – Ruta
- Prolapus ani every time the bowel move – Ruta
- Sudden stopping of catarrhal of respiratory tract following diarrhea – Sang
- Sleep prevented by pulsation in all vessels – Selenium
- Rheumatism in hot season – Rhododendron
- Patient will not improve while using coffee – Psorinum
- Rotten egg taste when coughing, whopping cough that drags on – Sepia
- Fixed ideas, thinks only of pins, fears them, searches & counts them – Silicea
- Child refers to the navel as the most painful part – Spigelia, Granatum, Nux mosch
- Very sensitive as to what others say about her – Staphy
- Very selfish, no regards of others – Sulphur
- Talks, jerks & twitches during sleep, cat naps, slightest noise awakens – Sulphur
- Excessive flow of saliva, it runs out of mouth while sleeping – Syphilinum
- Asthma in children – Thuja, Natrum sulph
- Fear of dogs, animals esp – Tuberculinum
- To fatten patients after tuberculosis – Hydrastis
- Neuralgia in brachial plexus, arms feels swollen – Vertrum alb
- Will raise the opsonic index against diplococcus pneumonia – Vertrum ver
- Dull aching about the last dorsal or 1st lumbar vertebra, worse sitting – Zinc met
- Can be used effectively in gastric & duodenal ulcers & stimulates the growth of epithelium on ulcerated surface – Symphytum
- Tea tasters cough – Kali iod
- Sleeps with legs far apart – Platina
In relationship section the first point is mentioned with wrong answer. it is aesculus as mentioned in Allens on pg no. 08
good for self assesment